Dr. Gao’s research focuses on the following areas: (1) fundamental and applied cryobiology: investigating the mechanisms of both cryoinjury and cryoprotection, and developing optimal conditions, methods and technology for cryopreservation of living cells, tissues and organs for medical and scientific applications; (2) a new generation of artificial kidney and artificial liver systems for treatment of the end-stage renal and/or liver failure diseases; and (3) micro-biosensors and bio-instruments for rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of diseases with high sensitivity and specificity.